This type of surgery essentially blocks the fetus’s trachea with a latex balloon to improve their lung development, and it can help babies with congenital diaphragmatic hernias survive. Fetoscopic Tracheal Occlusion: This procedure is experimental and used for fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia and impaired lung development, per Johns Hopkins Medicine.This type of fetal surgery is more common than open fetal surgery, according to the Boston Children’s Hospital. A small camera at the end of a long tube (called a fetoscope or laparoscope) is inserted into the uterus and doctors operate laparoscopically through the tube. It’s mostly used to treat twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome, a diaphragmatic hernia, and tracheal balloon placements for congenital diaphragmatic hernia, per Johns Hopkins Medicine. Fetoscopic (laser) Surgery: With this method, the pregnant person is operated on via small “keyhole” incisions in the uterus, according to the Cleveland Clinic. ![]() From there, the surgeon operates on the baby, while keeping it in the uterus. Next, doctors make another incision in the uterus to reach the fetus, per Cleveland Clinic.
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